Chapter 4 – Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

    Be Familiar with all definitions throughout the chapter

    Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics definitions:

    • Bioenergetics: the study of energy transformation in living systems.
    • Metabolism: the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available.
    • Exercise Metabolism: the sum of all body processes under the stress of exercise.

    Energy Metabolism

    • Substrates: the substance acted upon by an enzyme.
    • Carbohydrates: any of a class of organic compounds that are and that form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people.
    • Glucose: a sugar, C 6 H 12 O 6, having several optically different forms, occurring in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc.
    • Glycogen: a white, tasteless polysaccharide constituting the principal carbohydrate storage material in animals and occurring chiefly in the liver and in muscle.
    • Fat: any of a group of organic compounds that are greasy to the touch, insoluble in water, and soluble in alcohol and ether: lipids comprise the fats and constitute, with proteins and carbohydrates, the chief structural components of living cells.
    • Triglycerides: three fatty acids attached to a glycerol back bone that make up most fat storage in the body.
    • Protein: 20 or more amino acids linked in a genetically controlled linear sequence into one or more long polypeptide chains
    • Gluconeogenesis: glucose formation in animals from a noncarbohydrate source, as from proteins or fats.

    Energy for Work

    • Adenosine triphosphate: serving as a source of energy for physiological reactions, especially muscle contraction.
    • Adenosine diphosphate: derived from ATP, and serving to transfer energy during glycolysis.
    • B-oxidation: a process by which fatty acids are degraded, involving oxidation of the beta carbons and removal of successive two-carbon fragments from the fatty acid.
    • Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC): a measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity

     

    (compare these definitions with those from the text)